The traction elevator utilizes the balance principle of counterweight and car. The guide rails are located on both sides of the car, with uniform force and smooth operation. The car is driven up and down by a permanent magnet synchronous gearless traction host through a steel wire rope.

無(wú)機(jī)房曳引電梯機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)圖：

Mechanical structure diagram of inorganic room traction elevator:

曳引式電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

Advantages of traction elevators:

1. 性好、運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)舒適、速度快。

1. Good safety, smooth and comfortable operation, and fast speed.

2. 漏油的可能性小，電機(jī)功率比較小，能耗低。

2. The possibility of oil leakage is low, the motor power is relatively low, and the energy consumption is low.

3. 使用壽命長(zhǎng)因?yàn)槭褂脤?duì)重來(lái)平衡轎廂，動(dòng)滑輪結(jié)構(gòu)讓電梯使用壽命比其他平臺(tái)長(zhǎng)一倍以上。

3. Long service life due to the use of counterweights to balance the elevator car, and the movable pulley structure allows the elevator to have a service life that is more than twice that of other platforms.

4. 市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用廣，技術(shù)成熟，低于其他驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的電梯。

4. The elevator has the widest market application, the most mature technology, and the price is lower than other driving methods.

曳引式電梯的缺點(diǎn)：

Disadvantages of traction elevators:

1. 對(duì)土建要求要高。如客戶(hù)房子的高度太低（低于2600毫米）就無(wú)法安裝，基坑深度要2500毫米以上。

1. High requirements for civil engineering. If the top floor height of the client's house is too low (less than 2600 millimeters), it cannot be installed, and the depth of the foundation pit should be more than 2500 millimeters.

2. 占用空間尺寸多(井道利用率56%) 。提供轎廂占用了一定空間，另外還要增加對(duì)重，所以要增加2根軌道。

2. The occupied space size is large (the utilization rate of the shaft is 56%). The provision of a lift car takes up a certain amount of space, and there is also a need to add counterweight, so 2 tracks need to be added.

3. 需要更為復(fù)雜的安裝工藝。因?yàn)檎Ｊ揭芬娞萁Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，各種控制部件、驅(qū)動(dòng)部件、部件多。

3. More complex installation processes are required. Due to the complex structure of a normal traction elevator, there are many control components, driving components, and safety components.

強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯

Forced drive elevator

強(qiáng)驅(qū)式電梯的運(yùn)行原理，是用一個(gè)固定在井道一端的卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)將轎廂吊起，術(shù)語(yǔ)上稱(chēng)為強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)電梯。強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)目前仍然用于各大建筑工地的卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)上，由于缺點(diǎn)比較明顯，一般不用在平常的建筑內(nèi)電梯上。

The operating principle of a forced drive elevator is to use a winch fixed at one end of the shaft to lift the car, which is technically referred to as a forced drive elevator. Forced drive is still used on winches at major construction sites, but due to its obvious drawbacks, it is generally not used on elevators in ordinary buildings.

強(qiáng)驅(qū)的主機(jī)可以放在上面也可以放在下面

The hard drive host can be placed on top or below

因?yàn)闆](méi)有對(duì)重，所以將鋼絲繩全部卷繞在主機(jī)上，對(duì)于鋼絲繩壽命有很大影響

Because there is no counterweight, winding all the wire ropes on the main machine has a significant impact on the lifespan of the wire rope

強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

Advantages of forced drive elevators:

1.結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，井道利用率比較高，能節(jié)約空間。（井道利用率：61%）強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)家用電梯只有兩條懸掛鋼絲繩，沒(méi)有對(duì)重，卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)放在井道一端，所以它的井道利用率比曳引，液壓都要高，但相對(duì)螺桿式升降平臺(tái)要低4個(gè)點(diǎn)。

1. The structure is simple, the utilization rate of the shaft is relatively high, and it can save space. (Hoistway utilization rate: 61%) The forced drive household elevator only has two hanging steel wire ropes and no counterweight. The winch is placed at one end of the hoistway, so its hoistway utilization rate is higher than that of traction and hydraulic systems, but it is 4 points lower than that of screw type lifting platforms.

強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯的缺點(diǎn)：

Disadvantages of forced drive elevators:

1. 系數(shù)低，不太。需要定期檢查鋼絲繩及卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)的磨損狀況。

1. The Factor of safety is low and not very safe. It is necessary to regularly check the wear condition of the steel wire rope and hoist.

2. 功耗大。所謂強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)，也就是強(qiáng)行將電梯轎廂吊起，中間沒(méi)有任何借力的部件，功耗必然就高，一般同樣的載重，能耗比正常曳引電梯高3-4倍。

2. High power consumption. The so-called forced drive refers to forcibly lifting the elevator car without any borrowed components, resulting in high power consumption. Generally, for the same load, the energy consumption is 3-4 times higher than that of a normal traction elevator.

3. 提升高度有限。  因?yàn)槭蔷頁(yè)P(yáng)機(jī)原理，當(dāng)電梯上行的時(shí)候是把兩根鋼絲卷起在卷筒上，吊起轎廂，所以提升高度越高，鋼絲卷的就越多，卷筒的長(zhǎng)度就需要更長(zhǎng)，但是在井道尺寸受限的情況下，沒(méi)有辦法安裝那么長(zhǎng)的卷筒。

3. The lifting height is limited. Because it is a winch principle, when the elevator goes up, two steel wires are rolled onto the drum to lift the car. Therefore, the higher the lifting height, the more steel wires are rolled, and the length of the drum needs to be longer. However, when the size of the shaft is limited, it is impossible to install such a long drum.

4. 鋼絲繩以及卷筒的繩槽很容易磨損。

4. The grooves of the steel wire rope and drum are easily worn out.

5. 電梯鋼絲拉伸太多。因?yàn)樵撾娞莸膽覓熘挥袃蓷l鋼絲繩，鋼絲繩本身就有一定的彈性，如果轎廂里面的重量達(dá)到100公斤以上鋼絲繩就會(huì)被拉長(zhǎng)，轎廂就會(huì)下沉低于地坎平面（一般電梯少都是3根以上鋼絲），甚還會(huì)發(fā)生不平層的現(xiàn)象。

5. The elevator steel wire is stretched too much. Because the suspension of the elevator only has two steel wire ropes, the steel wire ropes themselves have a certain degree of elasticity. If the weight inside the car reaches 100 kilograms or more, the steel wire ropes will be stretched, and the car will sink below the sill plane (usually elevators have at least three or more steel wires), and even uneven layers may occur.

螺桿式電梯

Screw elevator

螺桿式電梯近年因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、裝修精美一下子在用戶(hù)中流行起來(lái)，其機(jī)械原理比較容易理解：由一個(gè)電機(jī)帶動(dòng)螺母連著平臺(tái)，沿著一根從頂?shù)降偷穆輻U在封閉式的井框內(nèi)做運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Screw elevators have become popular among Chinese users in recent years due to their simple structure and exquisite decoration. Their mechanical principle is relatively easy to understand: a motor drives a nut to connect to the platform, and moves along a top to bottom screw in a closed well frame.